There are many different types of insulation available, and the best kind for your situation will depend on where the insulation will be used and what it needs to do. It is also important to check on the local codes, as that may also influence the insulation you use. There are four main types of insulation commonly used in construction: loose fill, batts and blankets, rigid board, and spray foam.
Loose fill is just that, loose fibers or pellets blown into building cavities or attics. This generally costs more than batt insulation, but it does fill in the nooks and crannies better. This type of insulation can be used in walls, floors, or attics. The R value will depend on the fiber used.
Batt and blanket insulation is also used to insulate below floors, above ceilings and inside walls. This is generally the least expensive type of insulation, but special care needs to be taken for the best performance. This insulation works best in construction using standard joist or stud spacing as it is made to fit between the studs or joists.
Rigid board insulation is usually made from fiberglass, polystyrene or polyurethane. It comes in many thicknesses and has a high insulating value. This type of insulation is commonly used on basement walls, cathedral ceilings, and as perimeter insulation at concrete slab edges. If used inside, it must be covered with ½ inch gypsum board for fire safety; outside it must be covered with weather-proof facing.
Spray foam insulation is a two part liquid sprayed through a nozzle into wall, ceiling and floor cavities. After being sprayed, it expands into a solid cellular plastic filled with millions of tiny air pockets. It is great for filling up every nook and cranny, and is very useful in irregularly shaped areas, especially around pipes or other obstructions.
